بَابُ تَأْوِيلِ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى: {مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِي بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ}
The Prophet ﷺ is reported to have judged that the debt should be paid before the execution of the will.
The Statement of Allah عز وجل: "Verily! Allah commands that you should render back the trusts of those, to whom they are due;…" (V.4:58).
So, returning the trust must take precedence over the execution of the voluntary will.
The Prophet ﷺ said, "No giving in charity is recommended except if one is wealthy." Ibn Abbas said, "A slave cannot make a will without his master's consent." The Prophet ﷺ said, "A slave is a guardian of the property of his master." وَيُذْكَرُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَضَى بِالدَّيْنِ قَبْلَ الْوَصِيَّةِ. وَقَوْلِهِ: {إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تُؤَدُّوا الأَمَانَاتِ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا}، فَأَدَاءُ الأَمَانَةِ أَحَقُّ مِنْ تَطَوُّعِ الْوَصِيَّةِ.
وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «لاَ صَدَقَةَ إِلاَّ عَنْ ظَهْرِ غِنًى».
وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ لاَ يُوصِي الْعَبْدُ إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِ أَهْلِهِ.
وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «الْعَبْدُ رَاعٍ فِي مَالِ سَيِّدِهِ».